Reports

The report draws on insights from a multi-stakeholder dialogue convened during Mumbai Climate Week 2026 to examine the opportunities and structural challenges shaping blue finance for urban coastal resilience in emerging markets. It highlights the scale of financing needs alongside key barriers such as risk mispricing, tenor mismatches, fragmented governance, and limited bankable project pipelines, while outlining critical market preconditions including regulatory clarity, standardised frameworks, and stronger project aggregation. The report also explores the role of blended finance, credit enhancement, and risk transfer mechanisms in addressing risk-return gaps and presents emerging structuring solutions to help transition blue finance into a scalable asset class that can support climate-resilient development and financial stability.

This report draws on insights from a high-level roundtable convened during Mumbai Climate Week 2026 to examine pathways for financing India’s agri–energy transition. It captures stakeholder perspectives across financial institutions, policymakers, and market enablers to identify key barriers and opportunities in mobilising capital toward the agri-energy nexus. The report highlights structural challenges such as limited capital market readiness among mid-sized NBFCs, regulatory and disclosure gaps, and high transaction costs, while also outlining emerging opportunities within platforms like GIFT City and NSE International Exchange. It further provides a strategic roadmap to bridge the “missing middle” in climate finance by strengthening institutional readiness, enabling access to transition bond markets, and unlocking scalable, market-based solutions to support India’s climate and development goals.

The report provides a market overview of sustainable finance in 2025. It also offers deep dives into blue finance as an emerging investment frontier, highlighting the scale of the ocean economy, the significant funding gap for SDG 14, and recent policy and market developments. Additionally, it analyses innovative financing instruments such as blue bonds, debt-for-nature swaps, and outcome-based bonds through detailed case studies from Ecuador, Indonesia, and The Bahamas.

Small states are at the frontline of escalating climate risks that endanger lives, damage critical infrastructure, and undermine long-term economic stability.

India is already facing the devastating impacts of climate change such as rising temperatures, extreme weather, and economic losses, making climate considerations essential to its development.

India, the world’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, faces growing climate vulnerabilities from extreme weather events. In response, the government has committed to reducing emission intensity by 45% by 2030